Evolution Of A Common Single Celled Origin - 1278 Words

In the course of AP Biology, there are four â€Å"Big Ideas†. The first one is â€Å"The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life†. The second is â€Å"Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis†. The third is described as, â€Å"Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes.† And finally the four is â€Å"biological systems interact, and these systems and their interaction possess complex properties†. (College Board). Every organisms are descendents of each another, and are connected by the same family history. This causes the principle of Big Idea number one. All millions of diverse life forms have arrived†¦show more content†¦It was judged that the polar bears evolved from the brown bears to become comfortable with the growing artic weather. One of the main causes of evolution within a s pecies is the evolving to survive a new environment. And this is just what the polar bears did. So even though they are now completely different, they are linked together by the same family history (Harmon, Katherine). Another example of evolution would involve natural selection. Natural selection is a chief mechanism hidden (under) evolution, and it acts as a phenotypic honor/difference in populations; it kills off those species unfit to survive and if a gene is viewed as a hider, it is either changed or eventually evolved away. But there are those genes that are indifferent to the organism, it neither helps it nor hurts it. This is just like men s nipples. In a male s body, the nipples are of no importance, unlike in females who need them for sexual reproduction. But women and men are both the same species: humans. But we can see a major (many different kinds of people or things) within them: sexual organs, muscle tones, height, hormones, etc. So through the process of evolution t hat humans came to be, there is a grand of life between males and females. But yet, we are so alike in our brains, body functions, organs, limbs, etc. (Scientific American). All living systems need energy; organisms confine this energy for the in biological

Essay on Change in America - 550 Words

Every four years, Americans go to the polls and vote. Experts say approximately 23% of America have unregistered voters. Voting is vital. Every single vote counts on election day. The Presidential Election brings out the most Americans. Democratic and Republican parties go head to head in the race to become the nation’s president. In 2008, the presidential hopeful will be Barack Obama. He will provide citizens with affordable healthcare insurance. Obama will give tax breaks to the working class and improve the education systems. Education systems all across America deal with major issues. George W. Bush created the law, No Child Left Behind. The law didn’t go well when it was created. The were no proper funding and not enough teachers†¦show more content†¦I don’t want that future for my daughters. I don’t want that future for your sons. I don’t want that future for America.† Obama wants to help children, he doesn’t want childr en to fail in society, that’s Obama’ vision. An Obama ad campaign stated 47 million do not contain healthcare insurance. Obama’s plan solves this problem with a national healthcare system. He will make comparable rates as Americans in Congress. Small businesses will get tax credits to cover 50% of the cost of insuring their employees. Obama will make sure that healthcare insurance work for Americans, and small businesses, not drug companies. The national healthcare system will defiantly change the system for the better. The financial bailout on Wall Street rescued the economy from total collapse from faulty mortgage loans. Obama’s plans include reworking and changing the way the economy works for the better. George W. Bush gave tax cuts to Americans who earned over $1,000,000. A large sum of people don’t believe it was a fine idea. Obama will give tax cuts to working class people and small businesses, not to the wealthy. He will create tax credits of $500 per person and $1,000 per working families. Obama will also eliminate income taxes to senior citizens who less than $50,000 a year. In the Republican party, John McCain is running for president. McCain isn’t change, He’s more of the same. He voted 90% of the time with George W. Bush. AtShow MoreRelatedChange in America1045 Words   |  5 PagesChange in Society Within today’s society, people are constantly open to new technological and intellectual improvements, but when it comes to any disruptive alteration in the life that American citizens know, love, and are accustomed to, no measures can be taken in order to implement new innovations, even if it were for the welfare of the people themselves. The majority of the society today is resistant to great shifts in the American culture that would possibly cause some differentiation to theirRead MoreAmerica: United in Change1005 Words   |  4 Pages When other nations jumped into WWI in 1914, America adopted a policy of neutrality. 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Koloon Case Study Free Essays

Abstract This case study examines the decision making process of the Kowloon Development Company to the PrecisionTree decision tree software from Palisade. The Kowloon Development Company was faced with a major decision about their future investments. The General Manager of the Kowloon Development Company is usually involved in billion dollar investments, accurate decisions are needed. We will write a custom essay sample on Koloon Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now The company has to make a decision over the decision to purchase a new development project the total site area being 16,000 square feet. The objective is to use the use the Decision Tree software from Palisade, to determine the decision for the Kowloon Development Company whether or not to purchase the property. Decision trees provide a formal structure in which decisions and chance events are linked in sequence from left to right the general manager of the Kowloon Development company must decide whether to recommend the purchase of the 350 million dollar property and what would be the rate of return of the investment. He also needed to know whether or not the property would be best served developed or left undeveloped. He knows that if he doesn’t make a decision the board of directors would invest the money for two years at six percent. After performing the test using the PrecisionTree software the correct decision should be to invest 350 million. The only way to guarantee the highest rate from the investment would be 420 million, and if the Kowloon Development Company decided to purchase the property they would only receive a maximum rate of return 394 million for a developed piece of land. Property Investment Decision Introduction Kowloon Development Company is an investment company, involved in the investment, development, and management of properties. BusinessWeek) The company develops and sells residential, commercial, and large office buildings in Hong Kong. It also provides property management services for the projects developed by the company, luxury residential and serviced apartments, and commercial buildings and public housing estates. The company also involves in the property dev elopment, investment holding, property management and security services, financial services, retail, construction, film distribution, provision of consultancy services, property trading and investment. BusinessWeek) As of December 31, 2008, its investment properties comprised primarily retail shops and offices, covering approximately 75,000 square meters of gross floor area; and managed properties covered a gross floor area of approximately 560,100 square meters. (BusinessWeek) In 1998, the Kowloon Development Company was faced with a major decision about their future investments. The General Manager of the Kowloon Development Company is usually involved in billion dollar investments, accurate decisions are needed. Statement of problem The company is quarreled over the decision to purchase a new development project the total site area being 16,000 square feet. The general manager of the Kowloon Development company must decide whether to recommend the purchase of the 350 million dollar property and what would be the rate of return of the investment. He also needed to know whether or not the property would be best served developed or left undeveloped. He knows that if he doesn’t make a decision the board of directors would invest the money for two years at six percent. Determining Risk A structural change in the property market is anticipated as a result of a vastly growing pension fund industry in China, and as there is a renewed interest in Hong Kong and China properties from foreign funds since early 1998. Both domestic and foreign funds will need to find investment opportunities in real property. Foreign funds look at real estate as a long-term investment. They adopt serious and professional approaches in selecting projects, and they want to associate themselves with professional, reliable and respectable consulting firms. HKUST/CEIBS, 1998). Property investors almost all originating from HK and commission a practicability study on property investment and development in Hong Kong; have faced the problem of finding appropriate discounting rates in their analyses. The discounting rates should accurately reflect the opportunity cost of capital and consequently the systematic risk of the project. Quite often, determination of the discounting rates, or the â€Å"hu rdle† rates, has been based nothing more than intuition. However, â€Å"hurdle† rates lead to incorrect investment decisions ecause high return projects are by definition more favored than low return ones. The drawback is that the absolute expected return of a project is very high, but it is still not high enough to compensate for the high risk that has to be borne. Or conversely, a project may be expected to generate very modest return, but this return is already higher than its riskiness. In other words, the expected return of a project must be commensurate with its risk, or more precisely, it’s systematic or market risk. (HKUST/CEIBS, 1998). Observation The objective is to use the use the Decision Tree software from Palisade, to determine the decision for the Kowloon Development Company whether or not to purchase the property. Decision trees provide a formal structure in which decisions and chance events are linked in sequence from left to right. Decisions, chance events, and end results are represented by nodes and connected by branches. The result is a tree structure with the â€Å"root† on the left and various payoffs on the right. Probabilities f events occurring and payoffs for events and decisions are added to each node in the tree. With PrecisionTree, you’ll see the payoff and probability of each possible path through a tree. (Palisade) The first decision is to decide whether or not to bring someone to determine the future selling price that cost 500 thousand dollar we can also calculate the amount the Kowloon Development company would make if the decided to invest the money rather than purchase the land, that price was determined to be 420 million. The next step in the decision making process was to take the information from the investigating crew provided and determine that if we purchase the land would the highest rate of return would come from selling the property developed or undeveloped. The investigating firms were also used to determine the appropriate development ratio as well as the associated construction and interest cost were. The firm estimated that the cost of construction at HKD 106 million for a development ratio of 5. 5, or HKD 150 million for a development ration of 7. 8. With the information provided the next decision was to determine whether or not to apply for the higher development ratio, there was a 60 percent chance that the application would get approved and if it was approved there was a 50 percent chance that there would be an 80 million additional cost associated with the approved application. Results PrecisionTree determines the best decision to make at each decision node and marks the branch for that decision TRUE. Once your decision tree is complete, PrecisionTree’s decision analysis creates a full statistics report on the best decision to make and its comparison with alternative decisions. Palisade) As Results the correct decision should be to invest 350 million. The only way to guarantee the highest rate from the investment would be 420 million, and if the Kowloon Development Company decided to purchase the property they would only receive a maximum rate of return 394 million for a developed piece of land as seen in the graph. Re ferences BusinessWeek. (June, 1) BusinessWeek Company Description Retrieved January, 12 2012, from http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot. asp? ticker=34:HK Carmona, M. 2006) Designing mega-projects in Hong Kong: Reflections from an academic accomplice. Journal of URBAN DESIGN 11(1): 105–124. HKUST/CEIBS (1998), Hang Cheong Surveyors Limited (A management case study developed as a basis for class discussion), 4-5. Karakiewicz, J. (2005) The city and the megastructure. In: M. Jenks and N. Dempsey (eds. ) Future Forms and Design for Sustainable Cities. Oxford: Architectural Press. Kikutake, K. , Otaka, M. , Maki, F. and Kurokawa, K. (1960) Metabolism 1960 – A Proposal for New Urbanism, in proceeding of 1960 World Design Conference, Tokyo: Organizing Committee of World Design Conference. Lau, S. and Wang, J. (2005) High-Density, High-Rise and Multiple and Intensive Land Use in Hong Kong: A Future City Form for the New Millennium. In: M. Jenks and N. Dempsey (eds. ) Future Form and Design for Sustainable Cities. Oxford: Architectural Press. Palisades. (January 14) Palisades Product description retrieved January 14, 2012 from http://www. palisade. com/precisiontree/ Worpole, K. (2000) The Value of Architecture: Design, Economy and the Architectural Imagination. London: Royal Institute of British Architects Future Studies. How to cite Koloon Case Study, Free Case study samples